Ding Xueliang China can do a world-class university

 China can do a world-class university
mmmm visit Ding Xueliang
Long Xi into human history, although there Zhenghui splendid civilization, but the competition between countries mainly for military and economic strength. Since the 20th century into the knowledge economy era, the competition between countries has been mainly for the talent competition for resources, university top-notch competition, the core of the university system is competitive. ()
from my country , the merger wave of surging around the university, the government also increased the university, particularly a handful of financial support for the efforts of key universities. ()
How to understand the functions of modern universities and the status of our university system? What kind of people, What is the standard in the direction of the leading universities in China today? What system is urgent that we create? If you do not create, then what kind of consequences will result? ()
With these questions, Ding Xueliang made a special trip into the interview.
Ding Xueliang, had studied at two universities in China, two American universities, Harvard University in 1992 Postdoctoral, Harvard undergraduates in the Institute has, Australian National University Asia Pacific Research Institute, University of Hong Kong to teach. 2000 to 2001 at Peking University, Tsinghua University and Zhejiang University three times as first-class university, engage in University merged, the Government focused on a small number of universities in a substantial increase in financial allocations, people hope that China's top universities appear earnest. I ask how do you think about all this? ()
Ding Xueliang: My view is that, given the Chinese government, Today, the imbalance of social resources, we face the question: how to set realistic conditions, as much as possible so that China's universities, particularly the handful of top universities and world-class universities to shorten the distance between? ( )
Objectively speaking, it is now Department, but more difficult to do business than to run a college involves more problems. After 20 years of reform and opening up, China's top 500 companies is hard to compete with the world, how can we expect in a shorter period of time, with Chinese universities world-class research university go hand in hand? This unrealistic! ()
From this perspective, we need to discuss: in the current circumstances, how can make the limited resources more rational allocation and more efficient use, in order to make China's leading universities and world-class universities in the process of reducing the distance a little faster? ()
I would like to stress, are now either in society or in college or in the media Many people have this idea that China's universities do well, mainly because not enough money. Therefore, to the Chinese universities to run, we must have money. ()
this statement to do with the previous state to say exactly the same business. In the past poorly run state-owned enterprises, listed the most important conditions is to money, so give me your bank loan, you offer the Government to give me more. this idea, if we never proven test, then, most people will agree. But 20 years of reform and opening up have passed, many people, especially those who have the opportunity to do regularly in the international comparative study of the people to suspect that this statement is not fair? have the potential to mislead ingredients? ()
the whole, the Chinese government funding for education funding is not enough; but we want to see the past few years the Government or of a handful of top universities to give a special financial support. ()
In addition, a handful of universities, a considerable part of the College, department, or professional, has been very society in China, find resources, not just the money to the government, such as the business sector donations, sponsorship, etc. at home and abroad in the form of civil persons. For the university, college, department, or professional, they do well, the root causes of the problem is not lack of money, but the lack of reasonable system. ()
course With a substantial increase in resources, these universities do not point out no results, but also made some achievements.
but they get compared to such great resources, they have achieved is not enough ! but also in the process also produced a number of issues, including counterfeiting, including the broad academic corruption, including improper or wasteful use of resources. These problems may lead to the next round of reform of higher education in China a large number of new problems arise. This such as state enterprise reform, if not a more just system environment, you even gave a lot of resources, nor can run a successful business; the same token, nor can effectively improve the University. Even the more money, a waste of the greater . ()
Why do you say? We see the modern history of China's tertiary education sector the highest concentration of talent in both periods. Since China introduced the West 100 years of modern university system, one is the can be said to bright stars, but these people are not a faction, but in all aspects. The second most concentrated period of time talent is precisely the poorest in China during that time, which is the Southwest Associated University during that time is War. the first holding two Chinese nationals who won a Nobel Prize, Tsung-Dao Lee, Chen Ning Yang is out there. In fact, it is a whole generation of people, especially the study of natural science to do, a lot of good person. ()
which two periods, the resource situation of China's tertiary education sector as a whole, I do not think better than the present. Why is relatively abundant in the resource situation, out of so many talents? If today that several favored the university, always from a purely perspective of economic resources that the University do not, simply because not enough money, then I think this is a seriously misleading. ()
What is first-rate university system, university autonomy

should be a separate legal entity, able to conduct their own independent legal burden of responsibility, whether it is private or public universities, or to build public and private universities, equality before the law. Clearly, before the establishment of such an independent body, China must have a corresponding law; It's like there can be no modern banking law banking system, there can be no company law, like the modern corporate system, if there is no the modern university system. ()
a society with such a large legal environment, the founder of the first step in the University, the university must have their own random changes; small changes go through stringent procedures. ()
do not scratch the formulation of the Charter, it is the first reference to the relevant legal framework in their countries, but also well-known reference to the University before the Charter, but also should refer to The University of goals that the international community aimed at several universities in the Charter of the best. ()
example, under English common law, public universities have established two basic documents. a place called The University Ordinance, can be translated as ; University Ordinance . ()
second file called StatutesofTheUniversity, can be translated as setting, etc.. ()
second step, from the organizational structure, university must have the Council. government-run public universities must also have the Council, its members and some from the government or legislature, but more from the community leaders, as well as the most important part of the University's academic leader. they have a high social prestige of the public figures, or to obtain a high professional achievements of people. ()
University Council is not involved in the actual operational details, but several times each year to open a formal meeting on the University's direction and supervision of important initiatives, guidance and planning. SMC subsidiary of a sector not the government, and by the availability of social and academic credibility, composed of senior positions in the supervision of leading bodies of the university, with legal protection of an independent authority. ()
the academic freedom and academic autonomy by the statutory protection of the Charter.
West university system has the same basic things, that university autonomy. as in the modern market economy, enterprises do not have the autonomy to make itself a modern enterprise, the same can not be sustainable development, university autonomy is impossible not to become modern University, will lack vitality. This is a common university and business. ()
20 years of China's economic reforms, so that people reach a consensus: Enterprises must have autonomy; when Chinese enterprises or ; or ()
faculty hiring procedures and rules
Ding Xueliang: In the Council the following universities to set their own administrative structure.
University of operation to ensure the relative independence and rigorous academic standards, the most important in the recruitment of academic staff and faculty evaluation for time regular or irregular, based on what kind of procedures and rules? Mainland China in order to do a few where the internationally respected, research and teaching in a sustainable development potential of the university, the most important is to look at these universities have a relatively transparent, just and reasonable, strict hire teachers, the academic level of teacher evaluation rules? ()
standards. The question is how to understand the standard the financial world. Therefore, in the University Charter, there must be strict provisions for the operation of the rules and procedures of the University, the leading academic standards must be emphasized rather than other criteria led. ()
mainland universities now you have strict recruitment and evaluation standards for teachers, I do not see such a universal instance.
, for example, like Hong Kong, HKUST faculty to employ a full-time regardless of class mmm how, starting from the beginning assistant professor, are the same. First, the recruitment process in order to ensure fair, transparent and competitive nature of recruitment advertising by What is the direction? and so on. because it involves the DPRK who you open the door? open much? and teacher candidates to talk clearly our expectations of what is. ()
Secondly, the advertisement shall be in English and Chinese at the same time published a newspaper advertisement to list must have a local and global. I would like to know which universities in the Mainland is the process of recruiting teachers do this consistently? ()
the importance of doing is as little as possible to make the process of recruiting new teachers interference by vested interests, as much as possible to open the door to the recruitment of personnel was both transparent and broad. like HKUST faculty recruitment, the Chinese advertising to be the two most important in Hong Kong home press log out, but also provides at least a few times to register. These technical requirements are very important. I do not think any university in the Mainland, the status of teacher recruitment any time, adhere to do so. ()
language other than Chinese, but also English is important, because the working language of HKUST is in English. So at least one job advertisements posted on the English-language newspaper in Hong Kong on board in North America or Europe, two to three pairs of large academic press, and also posted on the Internet. ()
recent years several universities in mainland China, spent a lot of money, publicity was so busy, what kind to recruit the kind of person. We do not know how they recruit these teachers it? do not know where the ads posted on? do not know the recruitment standards are what? choice based on what criteria? ()
those of us who do not object Mainland universities recruiting you?
those of us who do not eligible to enter the competition? If even those of us out of the country is not in the recruitment of professional scholars within the object, then you recruit who? domestic Several universities have to recruit those people, including several in the academic standards and qualifications who deceive the public on the basic reason is that their recruitment process transparent, unfair, unreasonable procedures. ()
if the recruitment process is transparent, fair and reasonable, to deceive the situation can be greatly limited.
For example I went to a university lecture, heard back from overseas who say their own degree Post Master. abroad do have Post Doctor (postdoctoral), but definitely not the Post Master said. So if the recruitment process is open, then very easy to detect such a forgery, check out he will bear legal responsibility. particularly in China, a vast country with a huge information asymmetry, a lot of people studying abroad, many of which were in a foreign country goof , mixing true and false unknown degree. If there is no guarantee of a series of related systems, how do you go to take care off so it? ()
many mainland universities are now complaining about a teacher, said he took no degree abroad , while those who drank no matter the point where the foreign ocean of ink, seem a return to land than the doctors of natural high. I am very sympathetic to this criticism and complaints. how can we reduce this situation? This should recruitment procedures and standards development and implementation was transparent, fair and reasonable. money to hire among the instructors, how many people an open and fair competition in the selection? if universities hire faculty procedures and standards unreasonable, all problems will have, as a target-class universities, in the other second-rate third-rate, but It must be a first-class faculty team, it's the quality of the entire university plays a decisive role. ()
teacher evaluation and external evaluation system
Ding Xueliang: Recruitment of staff is the first step. provoke, Hong Kong UST There are regular and irregular academic achievement of teacher evaluation. regularly refers to every three years on the more junior academic evaluation to see if he has published in international journals what the article, how about teaching quality, etc.; from time to time including the application for promotion or tenure was when his evaluation. If the University does not carry out regular and occasional teacher evaluation, they would support a lazy bum children. ()
universities in mainland China, including Those resources are abundant in the faculty, the faculty has done a number of levels of study? external peer unclear. This means that although no money is difficult to run as a good university; but money, is not a good system, still do not a good university. This is the same with the Office of state-owned enterprises, because the system is not good, a lot of money later bankrupt state-owned enterprises, and rotten. ()
the evaluation process, the question is whether the evaluation criteria and procedures for how the development and operation. ()
Ding Xueliang: HKUST faculty evaluation of academic qualifications is not to say even if the number of the school. internationally renowned hospital school, like Harvard University, has standard practice is to value the external review. Hong Kong Science and a lot of weight on the external review not less than 50%, sometimes well over 50%. ()
wait until the teacher to work at the University a few years later, from the contract turn into a failure to perform your teaching duties, you can not otherwise get. hurdle is not easy, see you in the past those years of research and teaching performance in the international, national and school, the relative size of the achievements made . ()
the most important procedure is to let you choose several papers that they think is the best (or monographs), including not yet published, on behalf of you the best research results. ()
these Papers sent to external reviewers to review. external review were not looking for one or two, are generally looking for HKUST 7, or even 9, is a senior international scholars, but do not tell you who they are, anonymous ; trial through papers on a person; must not be co-chaired with you the people of a research project; can not be a unit of your past colleagues; not your colleagues are units; of course can not be your relatives. ()
With this Which departments in adopting such a program? ()
course, this procedure is costly, not to say do not improve after this procedure. program never needs to be improved, no system is without problems. But I It appears that the program itself than the mainland is now the procedure applicable to any university, to be more transparent, fair, reasonable, much more stringent. ()
If the Chinese mainland universities thirty-five try this approach, I believe, with their available economic resources, they catch up with the pace of world-class universities will be much faster, more stable, the future of our universities in China will be more promising! This is what I make on ?
Ding Xueliang: University now holds the resources of the mainland people, there are two worthy of note. One is not interested in academic, college for them is an officer, however, fame and fortune of the They certainly do not consider upgrading academic standards. the greater the proportion of such people, the more difficult reforms. The second category of people are promising, they are relatively better understanding of the situation of foreign, has studied abroad, and even took graduate . but they are not the vast majority of research universities in foreign countries did more long-term teaching and research work, they experience as a student in a foreign country, the management and operation of the University are still far away, like to employ teachers on the core aspects of this not too clear. ()
In addition, vested interests is too strong. as long as an open, fair and reasonable competition system is working together to significantly limit the hands of some people who hold real power, their interests to will be threatened. ()
scholars are not saints, they are problems in the analysis of state-owned enterprises, it may be very thorough. But once they become the head of a university or faculty, often state-owned enterprises will be the analysis of performance problems when the kind of sharp and penetrating, play 80% discount. This is the interests of the mind to contain. This is the universal law of political economy. ()
We know that the great historian Yinke 20 years in traveling abroad, just learning, do not take diploma; Qian and not even a master. ()
According to Zhang Wuchang introduction, the leader of the Chicago School of Economics of the A A. Director (M. Friedman's brother-in-line) undergraduate degree, however, writings but more than 10 pages. as you claim the set of faculty recruitment and evaluation system, these people I'm afraid to hope for a good university as a faculty member to zero . ()
Ding Xueliang: First of all I would like to stress that the development of a system, not the purpose of considering the case, but consider the norm. particularly in the large-scale social, general practice of social development are far greater than the cases. In any society, if there is no system of general practice management exist, there will be dire consequences for what it? ()
example, the From a purely academic point of view, his criticism has a lot of reasonable things. such as the examination with the rigid approach of At that time the Chinese came up with a solution that is in the words, pure text from the paper point of view, I think 200 years later, people will think, The actual experience is, when all of China's university entrance are in the open back door, Latin American relations, bribery, engaging privileges. the result is that the University has not only opened the door a few days, even the high school level of education are not maintained. () < br> This shows that, in a society which, if not more than 90% of people on the universality of the system for management of the case, the consequences will certainly not protect the minority talent. A large number of people could not get out of the environment, not necessarily conducive to a small number of talented stand out. ()
second point, we have to for the specific reality of China today, to speak. from the Soviet model to do so, the Chinese mainland universities have world-class university with the drop so far away. Now the whole country , including government and civil society are eager to run universities, especially to shorten some of the top universities in China and the distance between the world-class university. ()
However, given their faculty recruitment and promotion of the evaluation system full of loopholes , and too strict, too opaque, too unfair, resulting in a lot of disgruntled teachers and students; cause a lot of teachers cheating, many teachers over the years repeated notes, never add new content into; cause a lot of so-called research papers by engaging in relationships, give money, open the back door and other corrupt methods published (or even plagiarism); also caused the proliferation of fake diploma of Chinese society, and because academic qualifications are not reliable, resulting in the brilliance of academic fraud, rampant everywhere. ()
based on The reality, I think that today's Chinese society is precisely the need of a more just, transparent, legitimate and more than 90% of the people for universal university system. The current should first solve these common problems, to improve the quality of education throughout the University. ()

modern university is a source of new ideas, the three major sources of new knowledge source, the source of new talent
What is the relationship development?
Ding Xueliang: The University as a system of modern industrial civilization, with a broad contact with the blood.
it is only the number of pre-industrial elements with a combination of primary state, to find a combination of them a good way, so as to promote knowledge and technology. This is great progress. University to play a ; fermentation : source of new ideas, new sources of knowledge, new professional source. Today's society is becoming more technological, the University in these three areas will play an increasing role. ()
industrialization starting at the beginning, those who have a significant impact on economic development of production technology and methods, mostly from producers, and practitioners working process is based on direct experience. until the degree of industrialization, moderately, these technologies and approach the source, more and more from the research and laboratory, the first generation of a concept, then the system into knowledge, then apply it to. into the late 20th century, before the hand by those who simply professionals, a growing culture of the university system objects. Universities to professional colleges, specialized training programs and courses more and more. ()
such as the community now, This is what emerged in recent years. new talent, not necessarily very young, he may do in other areas, 10 years; society is changing every day, their day to learn. learn a new profession, it becomes new talent. ()
another example, the arrival of aging society with the western medical community becomes more and more medicine, because many issues are no longer a purely technical issue, it involves how to treat the elderly, care of mentally , emotional relationships, and so on, become an integrated project of Community Medicine. Accordingly, many public medical school in western-related courses, is on the rise. ()
China after the aging problem is getting serious, especially is the child's family, will create a huge social problem. like caring for the elderly with this kind of thing used to be no relationship between the University, parents and old, and take care of their children, of course, things like social ware? after the training professionals have become by the University to resolve the matter. ()
recent years, many reports said that many Chinese universities where students skip class, examination fraud, which of course involves the study style. But in my opinion, more reasons not attributable to the deep moral character of individual students, and teaching and research should be attributed to the university level and curriculum. because the university's training program itself with the practical needs of Chinese society is too far out of line, do not feel that students do not learn is the ability of loss, he just wanted to get one. ()
function is precisely the university should be borne in China today, and now to the upside down, which led to confusion in charge, the credibility of the confusion has led to China's diploma is not worth the loss of educational authority. It can not be traced back to Chinese universities become the new concepts, new knowledge and new sources of expertise to this basic reason. ()
international first-class university is a source of new ideas, including a new morality into account. they affect the social atmosphere and trend of social enlightenment.
not all universities can play such a function, but a few universities in the State have played such a function; particularly large country like China, ancient, there must be a few The university has played such a function, it will be very sad. If there is no such a great university, culture and ideas, there is no source of innovation. The University is a result of giving birth to a new civilization ...